Types

Pterygium

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Eye showing pterygium and conjunctiva.

A pterygium is a noncancerous growth that starts in the clear, thin tissue over the eye (conjunctiva). This fleshy growth covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and grows onto the clear protective layer on the front part of the eye (cornea). One or both eyes may be affected. A pterygium may have no symptoms, or it may cause eye irritation, itching, and redness. If the growth is large, it can cause vision problems. Most of the time a pterygium is harmless, and no treatment is needed. If vision is affected, it should be removed.

It's not known exactly what causes a pterygium. Exposure of the eyes to the sun (UV-light exposure), dust, wind, and low humidity are thought to be factors. People who spend a lot of time in the sun, or who live in places where the sun’s rays are intense, may have an increased risk of developing pterygia. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with side shields that block 100% of UV rays when outside. This may help prevent the condition from coming back or getting worse. It is also helpful to wear a wide-brimmed hat when outside.


Home care

If you have a pterygium, over-the-counter eye drops may be advised. These help soothe inflammation and dryness.


Follow-up care

Follow up with your healthcare provider as advised. If you notice changes in your vision, contact an eye care provider (ophthalmologist) right away.


When to get medical care

Call your healthcare provider right away if any of these occur:

  • Changes in your vision

  • Bleeding from your eyes

  • Eye pain

  • New eye problems

Online Medical Reviewer: Chris Haupert MD

Online Medical Reviewer: Rita Sather RN

Online Medical Reviewer: Tara Novick BSN MSN

Date Last Reviewed: 11/01/2022

© 2000-2025 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.

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