Acne is a common inflammatory condition of the skin. It can be seen in people of any age. However, teens and young adults are most commonly affected. During the teen years, there is an increase in production of skin oils on the face, neck, chest, upper back, and upper arms. These oils and dead skin cells can block hair follicles and allow an overgrowth of normal bacteria. This results in acne.
Mild acne causes whiteheads, blackheads, and pimples. More severe acne causes cysts and scarring. Teenage acne is more common in boys than girls. Acne that continues in adulthood is more common in women.
These factors can make acne worse:
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Oil-based cosmetics.
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Certain medicines.
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Hormonal changes, such as during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause.
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Stress.
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Heavy sweating.
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Frequent or hard scrubbing of the skin.
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Skin rubbing against helmets, shoulder pads, turtlenecks, and bra straps.
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Too frequent face washing.
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Popping or squeezing the bumps or pimples.
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Not removing makeup before bed or sharing makeup, brushes, or other makeup applicators.
Home care
Here are some tips to help care for acne:
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Your health care provider will determine if over-the-counter or prescription medicines are right for you.
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Treatments may include topical products (creams, lotions, or gels), oral antibiotics, and other medicines.
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Follow the treatment plan advised by your provider. It usually takes 2 to 3 months to see a result.
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Switching from oil-based to water-based makeup may improve acne.
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Gently wash your face with warm water and a mild facial cleanser twice a day. Vigorous scrubbing can make acne worse.
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Don't pick or squeeze pimples. This can make acne worse and increase risk for infection and scarring.
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Tell your provider if you think you may be pregnant, planning to conceive, or are breastfeeding.
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Don't share makeup, applicators, or brushes.
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Acne treatment may take time to show its effect. Refrain from trying too many types of acne treatment in a short time. This may make your acne worse.
Follow-up care
Follow up with your health care provider, or as advised. For more information visit:
When to call a doctor
Contact your health care provider right away, or as advised, if you have acne cysts that get larger or more painful.
Some acne treatments are not safe to use during pregnancy. Talk with your health care provider if you're pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
Acne can contribute to low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Talk with your provider right away. Help is available.
Online Medical Reviewer: Jessica Gotwals BSN MPH
Online Medical Reviewer: Michael Lehrer MD
Online Medical Reviewer: Ronald Karlin MD
Date Last Reviewed: 02/01/2025
© 2000-2025 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
