It can be a shock to learn that you have lung cancer when you don’t smoke. Nonsmoker means never smoked, or smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes. Between 1 in 10 and 1 in 5 lung cancers each year are diagnosed in nonsmokers. But know that there are many supportive communities of people who understand your situation.
Understanding the causes
It’s normal to wonder why you got lung cancer. It also may be impossible to know for sure. But there are some common causes besides a personal history of smoking. These include:
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Radon. This is a type of gas. It is odorless, colorless, and radioactive. It is found in some homes and buildings.
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Secondhand smoke. Smoke you breathe in from other people's tobacco use is a lung cancer risk.
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Air pollution. Long-term exposure to polluted air can raise your risk of lung cancer.
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Toxic materials. Asbestos, diesel exhaust, and some chemicals may cause lung cancer in some people.
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Family health history. A family history of lung cancer or certain genetic factors may raise your risk.
Symptoms of lung cancer in nonsmokers
Common symptoms are the same as in smokers. They include:
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Tiredness
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Cough
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Coughing up blood
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Chest pain
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Wheezing
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Shortness of breath
Screening for lung cancer in nonsmokers
There is currently no routine screening for lung cancer in nonsmokers. People with symptoms of lung cancer should see their healthcare provider.
Types of lung cancer
There are 2 main types of lung cancer. Both can affect nonsmokers.
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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This is the most common type of lung cancer. It grows and spreads more slowly. Most lung cancers in nonsmokers are either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas. These are 2 subtypes of NSCLC.
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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This type is less common. It tends to grow and spread faster.
Treatment for lung cancer
Lung cancer may be treated with 1 or more of these:
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Surgery
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Radiation
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Chemotherapy
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Targeted therapy
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Immunotherapy
Your treatment options will depend on:
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The type of lung cancer you have
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If the cancer has spread (stage)
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Genetic factors
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Your overall health
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Your preferences
It’s not clear if nonsmokers respond better to lung cancer treatment than smokers. Some targeted therapies may work better in nonsmokers. This is because some genetic defects are more common in nonsmokers. But more research is needed.
You may also be able to take part in a clinical trial. Clinical trials test new treatments. Talk with your healthcare provider about all of your treatment options.
Finding support
Coping with lung cancer can have a lot of emotional ups and downs. All of your feelings are valid. Finding a support system can help you manage. This may include friends, family, and other people with cancer. A counselor can give you direct support. And you can join a support group for nonsmokers with lung cancer. Support groups are available in person and online.
Staying informed
Knowledge will help you feel better. Take time to learn about your diagnosis, treatment options, and ways to maintain your well-being. Talk openly with your healthcare team and don't be afraid to ask questions. The more you know, the more strength you'll feel as you go on this journey. Lean on your support network and work closely with your healthcare team.
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