The pancreas is an organ in the belly (abdomen). It secretes hormones and digestive juices (enzymes) into the stomach. These help with digestion and control blood sugar levels. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. Often, it happens when the duct that connects the pancreas and gallbladder is blocked by a gallstone. Heavy alcohol use is another major cause. Less common causes can include medicines, trauma, certain medical procedures, viruses, and toxins. Smoking is also an important risk factor. Sometimes the cause of pancreatitis can't be found. Genetic testing is sometimes done in those cases, especially if there is a family history of pancreatic disease.
Symptoms of pancreatitis include:
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Gradually increasing or sudden severe pain in the upper belly that may spread to the back.
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Nausea and vomiting.
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Severe indigestion.
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Racing heart.
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Fever.
If the pancreatitis becomes a long-term problem, diarrhea, chronic pain, weight loss, and poor nutrition can occur.
Pancreatitis may be diagnosed by history, exam, blood tests, and sometimes imaging studies. It may first be treated in the hospital. While in the hospital, you may get fluids and medicines. The underlying cause of the problem must also be treated to prevent further problems.
If gallstones are the cause, you and your health care provider can discuss choices for treating them. This often results in gallbladder surgery. Sometimes another test must be done to clear the blocked drainage ducts of gallstones. If alcohol is the cause, talk with your provider about a program to help you stop drinking.
Home care
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Don't drink alcohol.
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Rest in bed or sit up in a chair until you feel better.
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Take medicines as prescribed. If you were given an antibiotic for infection, take it until it's gone, even if you feel better. Let your provider know if you vomit up your medicine.
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To prevent dehydration, try sipping small amounts of clear liquids often.
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Your provider may advise clear liquids only for 1 or 2 days. This is to rest the pancreas.
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When you start eating again, start with small amounts. Have small, more frequent meals rather than larger meals. Low-fat meals are best. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are good choices. Stay away from fried and greasy foods. A registered dietitian can help you make a meal plan that works best for you.
Follow-up care
Follow up with your health care provider as advised.
When to get medical care
Call your health care provider right away if:
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Your pain continues or gets worse.
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You have repeated vomiting.
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You feel dizzy or weak.
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You have a fever of 100.4º F (38º C) or higher, or as advised by your provider.
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You have severe muscle cramps.
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You have a yellowish coloring of your skin and eyes (jaundice).
Call 911
Call
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You're vomiting blood or have large amounts of blood in your stool.
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You have a seizure.
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You lose consciousness.
